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“嗯……我可以试试看。这回我要一次射中两个!”
―前49年,巴耶克教儿子卡慕射箭时,卡慕尝试一次搭两发箭[来源]

箭矢(Arrow),是一种由发射的,锋利的远程抛射物。这种长轴物体通常有锋锐的前端金属头——即“箭簇”(Arrowhead)装配在质箭杆上作为主要杀伤部分,箭杆尾部连接着稳定箭轨的箭羽(Fletching)。[1][2][3]

弓箭使用者需要携带较多的箭矢行动,通常用名为“箭筒”或“箭袋”(Quiver)的便携容器装载。箭簇一般为金属锻造,箭杆为木材削切制造,箭羽则来源于禽类羽毛[4]

早在有史载前,人类就在使用弓箭狩猎和征战。[5]它是人类文明历史上最悠久的远程武器之一,在冷兵器时代发挥了重要作用,直到大约16世纪被更精准、更具杀伤力、更便携、训练使用需时更少的火药淘汰。[6]

历史[]

数千年以来,箭几乎在人类文明文化中无处不在,其作为狩猎和战争中最常见的远程武器之一。[2][4][7][5][3]受训驭弓技术的的射者被称为“弓箭手”(Archer),他们是世界各地军事力量的支柱之一,这一状况一直持续至火器的充分发展和装备,将日益过时的弓箭淘汰替代。[1][6][8]

By the 18th century, bows were no longer standard among European militaries like the British Army, but indigenous peoples in the Americas continued to wield them. The Kanien'kehá:ka Assassin Ratonhnhaké:ton was trained in firearms and carried around a pistol, but he still relied on the bow when his missions called for long-range precision and stealth.[1]

A variety of arrows can be crafted for specialized use. As far back as ancient Greece, mercenaries like Kassandra the Eagle Bearer were making fire arrows, explosive arrows, poisoned arrows, arrows specialized for penetrating armour, and blunt arrows for less-lethal takedowns.[3]

In times of war, a common tactic was to group archers together to release volleys of arrows upon enemy forces, a formation that has proven effective in defending besieged walls and killing key commanders in ambushes.[9][10][11] The sight of the sky bespeckled with raining arrows can be both severely demoralizing and highly lethal to a mass of soldiers unprotected by shields and fortifications.[12]

During the An Lushan Rebellion, a Tang army of new recruits was driven into a frenzied rout by unrelenting hails of arrows as the Yeluohe cavalry archers chased them all the way to the gates of Tong Pass. There, the Yeluohe assault was finally stopped by the return fire of Tang archers posted on the walls. Those that were trapped outside the walls—Yeluohe and Tang soldiers alike—were massacred to the last man in the moat.[12] Later that same year, 756, Yeluohe lieutenant general He Qiannian fell to an ambush at a gulley near Liquan Station as he marched with reinforcements for Tumen Pass. A counter-rebellion force led by the Hidden One Li E and Changshan Grand Protector Yan Gaoqing hemmed them in from all sides before unleashing wave after wave of arrows.[11]

Many centuries later during the Italian Renaissance, the Assassin Mentor Ezio Auditore da Firenze would repeatedly employ a tactic called the arrow storm, where he would signal his apprentices hiding in the vicinity to instantly eliminate all the enemies around him with synchronized, precise shots.[6] The Italian Assassins were exceptionally skilled at this coordinated manoeuvre. Around 1503, they employed it to save the life of Templar defector Fiora Cavazza from Baltasar de Silva just as he was about to order a similar attack on her by his arquebusiers.[13]

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