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Yan (燕; 756–763), officially the Great Yan (大燕), was a state founded by the jiedushi An Lushan in an attempt to supplant the Great Tang for rule over China. A member of the Golden Turtles, a secret order controlling Emperor Xuanzong of Tang's government, Lushan rebelled against the Tang in late 755 in hopes of wrestling leadership of the Golden Turtles from the prime minister Yang Guozhong. To that end, he rechristened the Golden Turtles loyal to him as the Yeluohe and marched a 200,000-strong army on the imperial capital of Chang'an from his base in Fanyang. At the onset, his pretext was that he was taking initiative as a loyal Tang subject to purge the imperial court of corruption. Upon conquering the Tang's secondary capital of Luoyang, however, he threw all pretexts aside, donned imperial regalia, and declared himself the Xiongwu Emperor (雄武皇帝) of the Yan. Thus, without awaiting the overthrow of the Tang dynasty, he established a rival regime from Luoyang. After reigning for only a year, he was assassinated on 25 January 757 by the Hidden One Li E on behalf of Tang loyalists and was succeeded by his son An Qingxu.[1]
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