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Abu Ja'far Harun ibn Muhammad al-Mahdi (763 or 766 – 809), better known by his regnal name Harun al-Rashid, was the fifth Caliph of the Abbasid Empire, ruling from 786 until his death in 809.

Biography[]

The son of al-Mahdi and his wife al-Khayzuran, who greatly influenced the politics during the reign of her husband and her sons,[1] Harun al-Rashid eventually married Zubaydah bint Ja'far, the granddaughter of al-Mansur, who went on to became a powerful political operator and generous patron in her own right.[2] In the latter years of his reign, Harun al-Rashid sent no less than three diplomatic envoys to Emperor Charlemagne's court in Francia, including among their offerings an elaborate water clock made of brass and the elephant Abul-Abbas.[3]

Legacy[]

After his death, his sons al-Amin and al-Ma'mun fought over the succession of the Caliphate, with al-Ma'mun eventually being the victor.[4][5] 9th century historian al-Tabari wrote on life in the court of Harun al-Rashid.[6]

Appearances[]

References[]

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