Crusades

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The Crusades were a series of religious wars with the objective of recovering the Holy Land, particularly Jerusalem, from Islamic rule. The best known of these military expeditions are those in the period between 1095, when plans for the original invasion began, with Pope Urban II rallying European allies during the Council of Clermont,^[1] and lasted until 1291, with the Crusaders' loss at the Siege of Acre.^[2]

Selected Crusades[]

First Crusade[]

Main article: First Crusade

The First Crusade lasted from 1096 to 1099, culminating with the Siege of Jerusalem. The four main armies left for the front in August 1096, arriving at Jerusalem three years later.^[3] Starting in August 1098, the city of Jerusalem became occupied by the Egyptian Faṭimids. On 7 June 1099, the Christian army camped outside Jerusalem and began their assaults. The city fell relatively quickly and massacres of Muslim and Jewish populations followed their entrance in the city.^[4] The Crusader state of the Kingdom of Jerusalem would be established immediately after.

Third Crusade[]

Main article: Third Crusade

The Third Crusade (1189 – 1192), also known as the Kings' Crusade, was an attempt to reconquer Jerusalem from Saladin. During this crusade, Christian forces, principally led by King Richard I of England, managed to reclaim Acre and engaged Saladin at Arsuf before coming to negotiate peaceful terms with the signing of the Treaty of Jaffa. Though Jerusalem remained under Saracen control, the Saracens agreed to allow unarmed Christian pilgrimages to the Holy Land.

Fourth Crusade[]

Main article: Fourth Crusade

In 1202, the crusaders required transport on Venetian ships to which Doge Enrico Dandolo agreed to on the condition that the crusaders take the Dalmatian city of Zadar and then capture Constantinople. When Constantinople fell, the city was sacked by the Venetian fleet.^[5]

Appearances[]

Assassin's Creed (first appearance)
Assassin's Creed: Altaïr's Chronicles
Assassin's Creed: Bloodlines
Assassin's Creed II
Assassin's Creed: The Secret Crusade
Assassin's Creed: Revelations
Assassin's Creed: Revelations novel
Assassin's Creed III
Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag (mentioned only)
Assassin's Creed: Initiates (mentioned only)
Assassin's Creed: Memories
Assassin's Creed: Rebellion – The Eagle's Shadow
Assassin's Creed: Escape Room Puzzle Book

References[]

↑ Assassin's Creed: A Walk Through History (1189-1868) – Chapter 1: The Third Crusade – Historical Overview: The Rise of Saladin
↑ Crusades on Wikipedia
↑ First Crusade on Wikipedia
↑ Assassin's Creed: Initiates – Timeline: 1099 – "Siege of Jerusalem"
↑ Assassin's Creed II – Database: Venezia

Timeline

Before Common Era

Prehistory	War of Unification • Human-Isu War • Toba catastrophe • Assassin-Templar War (ongoing)

13th–6th centuries BCE	Battle of Kadesh • Siege of Dapur

5th century BCE	Greco-Persian Wars (Battle of Marathon • Battle of Thermopylae • Battle of Salamis • Battle of Plataia) • Peloponnesian War (Battle of Potidaea • Blockade of Megaris • Battle of Megara • Battle for the Silver Islands • Battle of Pylos • Battle of Sphakteria • Battle of Amphipolis) • Plague of Athens

4th-2nd centuries BCE	Battle of the Hydaspes

1st century BCE	Caesar's Civil War • Hunt for the Snake • Alexandrine Civil War (Siege of Alexandria • Battle of the Nile) • Assassination of Julius Caesar • Liberators' civil war (Battle of Philippi) • Last war of the Roman Republic

8th–13th centuries

8th century	Battle of Talas • An Lushan Rebellion

9th century	Islamic Golden Age (Fourth Fitna • Anarchy at Samarra • Zanj Rebellion) • Unification of Norway (Assault on Kjotve's Fortress) • Viking expansion (Siege of Paris • Great Heathen Army • Viking Capture of York • Battle of Reading • Battle of Ashdown • Battle of Bedwyn • Battle of Meretun • Assault on Grantebridge • Assault on Tamworth Fortress • Assault on Burgh Castle • Assault on Cyne Belle Castle • Assault on Caustow Castle • Battle of Cynwit • Battle of Chippenham • Battle of Edington • Siege of Paris)

10th century	Battle of Fýrisvellir

11th century	First Crusade (Siege of Jerusalem)

12th century	Siege of Masyaf • Battle of Hattin • Third Crusade (Assault on Masyaf • Siege of Acre • Quest for the Chalice • Defense of Masyaf • Hunt for the Nine • Battle of Arsuf • Retaking of Masyaf)

13th century	Fourth Crusade • First Barons' War • Assassination of Genghis Khan • Decline of the Levantine Assassins • Medieval Inquisition • Fall of Masyaf • Sack of Baghdad • Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty (Siege of Diaoyu Castle) • First War of Scottish Independence (English invasion of Scotland • Capture of Berwick)

14th–17th centuries

14th century	Persecution of the Templars • Hundred Years' War (Siege of Orléans • Battle of Jargeau • Battle of Meung-sur-Loire • Battle of Beaugency • Battle of Patay • March to Reims • Siege of Paris • Trial of Jeanne d'Arc)

15th century	Renaissance (Ottoman-Venetian War) • 1402 Chinese Assassin purge • Battle of Anghiari • Fall of Constantinople • Defense of Monteriggioni • Assassination of Galeazzo Maria Sforza • Pazzi conspiracy • Reconquista (Granada War) • Venetian Conspiracy • Battle of Forlì • Mission to Aragon • Age of Discovery • Bonfire of the Vanities • Confrontation in the Vatican

16th century	Siege of Monteriggioni • Liberation of Rome (Skirmish in the Campagna District) • Search for Cesare Borgia • Attack on Valencia • Siege of Viana • Battle of Agnadello • Assassination of Niccolò di Pitigliano • Prince of Anhua rebellion • Attack on Prince Suleiman • Riot at the Harbor of Theodosius • Destruction of the Great Chain • Fight for the Masyaf Keys • Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire (Night of Sorrows) • Battle of Mactan • Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire (Siege of Cuzco) • Great Rites Controversy • Roman Inquisition • Honnō-ji incident • Imjin War • Battle of Sekigahara

17th century	Labourd witch-hunt of 1609 • English Civil War • Great Fire of London • Salem witch trials • Great Recoinage of 1696

18th century

War of the Spanish Succession • Golden Age of Piracy (Sinking of the Treasure Fleet • Attacks on Tulum • Siege of Charles-Towne • Blockade of Nassau • Attack on Ocracoke) • Shimazu clan civil war • 1725 Manila riot • Maroon Rebellion • 1751 Port-au-Prince earthquake • Seven Years' War (Albany Congress • Siege of Fort William Henry • Siege of Louisbourg • Battle of Quiberon Bay) • 1755 Lisbon earthquake • Braddock Expedition • Colonial Assassin purge • Louisiana Rebellion • American Revolution and American Revolutionary War (Battles of Lexington and Concord • Battle of Bunker Hill • Great Fire of New York • Sullivan Expedition • Battle of Monmouth • Battle of West Point • Battle of the Chesapeake • Attack on Fort George • Siege of Yorktown) • French Revolution (Estates-General of 1789 • Storming of the Bastille • Women's March on Versailles • French Revolutionary Wars • 10 August • September Massacres • Execution of Louis XVI • Reign of Terror • Thermidorian Reaction • 13 Vendémiaire • Plot of the rue Saint-Nicaise) • Haitian Revolution

19th–21st centuries

19th century	Napoleonic Wars • Trienio Liberal • First Anglo-Afghan War (1842 retreat from Kabul) • California Gold Rush • Industrial Revolution • Victorian era (Whitechapel murders) • Great Exhibition • Assassination attempt on Franz Joseph I of Austria • Crimean War (Battle of Balaclava) • Orsini affair • American Civil War (1863 New York City draft riots) • Icarus affair • Boshin War (Battle of Toba–Fushimi • Battle of Aizu) • Liberation of London • Franco-Prussian War • Paris Commune (1871) • Assassination of Alexander II of Russia • Borki train disaster • Whitechapel murders

20th century	Modern times • Tunguska explosion • World War I • Russian Revolution (Shooting of the Romanov family • Kazan Operation) • Red Scare • Palmer Raids • Shanghai massacre of 1927 • Spanish Civil War • World War II (The Blitz • Manhattan Project • Yalta Conference) • Philadelphia Project • Chinese Civil War • Cold War (1954 Guatemalan coup d'état • Vietnam War • Assassination of John F. Kennedy • Apollo 11 • 1973 Chilean coup d'état • Iranian Revolution • Dissolution of the Soviet Union)

21st century	Great Purge • War on Terror (Iraq War) • Beagle 2 launch • DIA satellite accident • Deepwater Horizon oil spill • Second Disaster • 2013 Egyptian coup d'état • Resurrection Day • Brexit • COVID-19 pandemic