Caliph

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Within a caliphate or khilāfah, caliph was the title given to an individual who, in the role of steward, are considered a political and religious successor to Muhammad, a prophet and the founder of Islam. In this capacity, caliphs function as a head-of-state, ruling polities which later evolved into multi-ethnic trans-national empires.

History

Abbasid Caliphate

In 750, Abul Abbas As-Saffah founded the Abbasid Caliphate after deposing the Umayyad dynasty, becoming the empire's first caliph. As steward, As-Saffaḥ conducted campaigns eastwards to the Western Regions, entering into conflict against the Tang dynasty.

As-Saffah died in 754 after ruling for a few years and was succeeded by his brother al-Mansur. In 762, al-Mansur conducted a reconnaissance of a region in what is now central Iraq and chose a fertile plain by the Tigris river, founding a new city called Baghdad, expanding the nearby the village, and making it the new capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. al-Mansur named the city core as al-Mansur after himself, while the city also came to be known as Madinat al-Salam (English: "the city of peace"), or the Round City.

Appearances

• Assassin's Creed: Valhalla (first mentioned) (mentioned in Database entry only)
• Echoes of History (mentioned only)
• Assassin's Creed: Mirage (first appearance)