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The Age of Enlightenment, also known as the Enlightenment for short or the Age of Reason, was an intellectual movement in Europe that spanned throughout the 18th century. It promoted many revolutionary ideas at the time that commonly espoused rationality as the primary source of authority, dramatically shifting European culture towards the ideals of natural rights, liberty, constitutional government, and scientific advancement. In this light, it echoed the Renaissance, the cultural movement that preceded it centuries earlier. The movement's widespread popularity in Europe served as a major catalyst for calls for democracy, culminating in waves of republican revolutions that overturned the feudal, monarchic regimes of the past.

History

The Renaissance was the period that lasted from the 15th to the 17th century, in this movement stood out ideas such as humanism, individualism, and the recovery of values of Classical Antiquity. In the following century, the movement had continued.

Scientific Revolution

In the 17th century, the Templars in Europe wanted to forget the Dark Age of the Order when Rodrigo Borgia was Grand Master. During his leadership, the Templars only searched power for their own benefits. The Templars rethought their role as advisors of the rulers and no more as rulers themselves. To achieve this, they used and influenced the works of intellectuals such as Isaac Newton, Baruch Spinoza and Francis Bacon to make philosophy, sciences and rationalism flourish in society to advance their goals. This period saw the scientific revolution, the beginning of empiricism and liberalism.^[1]

Great Britain

Main article: English Civil War

King's Return — The crowning of Charles II

In 1642, the English Civil War occured between the king of England, Scotland and Ireland Charles I and the English Parliament, with its army led by Oliver Cromwell. In 1648, Charles I was defeated and executed by the parliamentarians, and thus established the Commonwealth with Cromwell as its Lord Protector. Charles II, son of Charles I, continued to fight but was forced to exile himself in Europe. There, he received letters from an organization which helped him to recover the throne with the support of the General George Monck. In 1660, after the death of Cromwell, Charles returned to England and was crowned in Westminster Abbey. The monarchy was restored in British islands.^[2]

In 1689, the political philosopher John Locke wrote the Two Treatises of Government which initiated the liberalism philosophy.^[3] His worked was influenced by the Templars.^[1]

During the 18th century, the Scottish economist Adam Smith developed the concept of "invisible hand" within the classical liberalism movement. The Templars were influenced by his work.^[4]

West Indies

Main article: Golden Age of Piracy

Now Hiring 1 — Pirates then reunited with Edward Kenway and Adéwalé.

At the beginning of the century, after the War of the Spanish Succession, the position of privateer was banned, besides the piracy, it has generated revolt by former privateers who began practicing criminal acts. At that same time the Republic of Pirates came to Nassau, which did not last long.^[5]

Pirates as Edward Thatch, also known as Blackbeard, Benjamin Hornigold, Charles Vane, Jack Rackham or Calico Jack, Anne Bonny and Mary Read had their notorities at this time, they were all associated with Edward Kenway, who later became an Assassin.^[5]

Thirteen Colonies

Main article: American Revolution

ACIII-Publicexecution 14 — The Founding Fathers signed the Declaration of Independence alongside the Assasssin Ratonhnhaké:ton.

In the second half of the century, after the Seven Years' War, many taxes were charged abusively to the people of the northern colonies. A faction known as the Sons of Liberty began to prostrate against these measures, so a wave of prostration began, one of them including the Boston Tea Party. Philosopher as Benjamin Franklin though that the colonies must have more autonomy from the Great Britain with their own government.^[6]

The British Empire ignored the claims, soon as the American Revolutionary War began, between the colonies and its metropolis. On July 6, 1776, the colonies finally realized its independance, and so the new nation, the United States of America, was born. The war for independance continued until 1783, with the result of the Siege of Yorktown.^[6]

The main thinkers of the time, were mostly the Founding Fathers as Franklin, Thomas Jefferson or Thomas Paine. They developped the ideals of liberty, republicanism and self-governance.^[6]

France

Main article: French Revolution

As the absolute power of the monarch developed under the kings Louis XIV and Louis XV of France, intellectuals and philosophers though about the separation of powers. Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Denis Diderot were the main philosophers of the country, fighting the arbitrary power, developing the idea of equality and publishing the Encyclopédie to spread knowledge.^[7]

Imprisoned 13 — The Assassin Arno Dorian faces the guards in the Bastille to escape.

During the years 1780's, France came into crisis due to its actions during the American Revolution. The population was starving and the Third State was the only one to pay to refund the debt. To fix the economy, Louis XVI programmed the Estates-General of 1789. The Templar François-Thomas Germain organized the Revolution while he made a coup in the Parisian Rite of the Templar Order, killing the Grand Master François de la Serre.^[7]

During the meeting, the Third State was ignored, and the measures passed to prevail the First and Second States. After the meeting, the Third State was organized as a National Assembly, and soon revolts were promoted to the Paris and Versailles corridors. On July 14, 1789, there was the Storming of the Bastille, and that was the beginning of a bloody confrontation.^[7]

ACU The Execution 4 — Louis XVI in the guillotine.

After the king was executed on January 21, 1793, two large factions gained notoriety and power across the country, the Girondists, a right-leaning party, who defended the interests of the bourgeoisie, and the Jacobins, a left-leaning party, led by Maximilien de Robespierre, were extreme extremists and persecuted anyone who was considered "an enemy of the revolution". The Robespierre's party promoted the Reign of Terror, where much of the french population was executed, but this lasted until the Thermidorian Reaction, the moment since Robespierre was captured, and ironically killed in the guillotine.^[7]

ACU The Book Thief 3 — Napoleon searches for the Apple Eden in Saint-Denis.

After Robespierre's death, the French Revolutionary Wars continued to last against neighboring countries, in the meantime, a military named Napoleon Bonaparte, brought victories to the French Army in foes battles. Napoleon succeeded in embracing the people, in 1799, with the coup of the 18 Brumaire, he finally reached the french throne, later became emperor, and the French Empire was founded.^[7]

Rest of the World

WhatPriceFreedom — The Assassin Eseosa travels to Davenport Homestead, seeking support from the Colonial Brotherhood.

In Haiti, the local population, with the majority of African descent, rebelled against french crown, and the Haitian Revolution began, the leader was Toussaint Louverture, who defeated France and came to power in the country.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Assassin's Creed: Revelations – Abstergo Files
↑ Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy – Holidays: Chapter 1 – Ghosts of Christmas Past
↑ Assassin's Creed: Pirates
↑ Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood – Rifts
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Assassin's Creed III
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 Assassin's Creed: Unity

[ACRV-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Assassin's Creed: Revelations – Abstergo Files

[ACPL-2] Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy – Holidays: Chapter 1 – Ghosts of Christmas Past

[ACP-3] Assassin's Creed: Pirates

[ACB-4] Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood – Rifts

[AC4-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag

[AC3-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Assassin's Creed III

[ACU-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 Assassin's Creed: Unity

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Era|AC3|AC4|ACU|Forsaken|AC4B|Ubook}}
+{{Era|Timeline}}
 {{Revamp}}
 {{WP-REAL}}
-{{Event
+{{Event Infobox
 |conc = [[Golden Age of Piracy]] / [[American Revolution]] {{C|[[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]]}} / [[French Revolution]]
 |image =
 |name = Age of Enlightenment
 |timeframe = 18th century
-|place = [[North America]], [[Europe]]}}
+|place = [[North America]], [[Europe]]
+}}
-The '''Enlightenment''' (also known as the '''Age of Enlightenment''' or the '''Age of Reason''') comes down to events that occurred in the 18th century, which had influence on the social movements of that time. The Enlightenment is for some continuation of the [[Renaissance]].
+The '''Age of Enlightenment''', also known as the '''Enlightenment''' for short or the '''Age of Reason''', was an intellectual movement in [[Europe]] that spanned throughout the 18th century. It promoted many revolutionary ideas at the time that commonly espoused rationality as the primary source of authority, dramatically shifting European culture towards the ideals of natural rights, liberty, constitutional government, and scientific advancement. In this light, it echoed the [[Renaissance]], the cultural movement that preceded it centuries earlier. The movement's widespread popularity in Europe served as a major catalyst for calls for democracy, culminating in waves of republican revolutions that overturned the feudal, [[Monarchy|monarchic]] regimes of the past.
 ==History==
 The [[Renaissance]] was the period that lasted from the 15th to the 17th century, in this movement stood out ideas such as humanism, individualism, and the recovery of values of {{Wiki|Classical Antiquity}}. In the following century, the movement had continued.
+===Scientific Revolution===
+In the 17th century, the Templars in Europe wanted to forget the Dark Age of the Order when [[Rodrigo Borgia]] was [[Grand Master of the Templar Order|Grand Master]]. During his leadership, the Templars only searched power for their own benefits. The Templars rethought their role as advisors of the rulers and no more as rulers themselves. To achieve this, they used and influenced the works of intellectuals such as [[Isaac Newton]], [[Baruch Spinoza]] and [[Francis Bacon]] to make philosophy, sciences and rationalism flourish in society to advance their goals. This period saw the scientific revolution, the beginning of empiricism and liberalism.<ref name= "ACRV">''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations]]'' – [[Abstergo Files]]</ref>
+===Great Britain===
+{{Main|English Civil War}}
+[[File:King's Return.png|thumb|250px|left|The crowning of Charles II]]
+In 1642, the English Civil War occured between the king of [[England]], [[Scotland]] and [[Ireland]] [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] and the English Parliament, with its army led by [[Oliver Cromwell]]. In 1648, Charles I was defeated and executed by the parliamentarians, and thus established the Commonwealth with Cromwell as its Lord Protector. [[Charles II of England|Charles II]], son of Charles I, continued to fight but was forced to exile himself in Europe. There, he received letters from an organization which helped him to recover the throne with the support of the General [[George Monck]]. In 1660, after the death of Cromwell, Charles returned to England and was crowned in [[Westminster Abbey]]. The monarchy was restored in British islands.<ref name="ACPL">''[[Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy]]'' – [[Holidays: Chapter 1 – Ghosts of Christmas Past]]</ref>
+In 1689, the political philosopher [[John Locke]] wrote the ''Two Treatises of Government'' which initiated the liberalism philosophy.<ref name="ACP">''[[Assassin's Creed: Pirates]]''</ref> His worked was influenced by the Templars.<ref name="ACRV"/>
+During the 18th century, the Scottish economist [[Adam Smith]] developed the concept of "invisible hand" within the classical liberalism movement. The Templars were influenced by his work.<ref name="ACB">''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]'' – [[Rifts]]</ref>
 ===West Indies===
 {{Main|Golden Age of Piracy}}
 [[File:Now Hiring 1.png|thumb|250px|Pirates then reunited with Edward Kenway and [[Adéwalé]].]]
-At the beginning of the century, after the [[War of the Spanish Succession]], the position of {{Wiki|Privateer|privateer}} was banned, besides the [[Piracy|piracy]], it has generated revolt by former privateers who began practicing criminal acts. At that same time the [[Republic of Pirates]] came to [[Nassau]], which did not last long.
+At the beginning of the century, after the [[War of the Spanish Succession]], the position of {{Wiki|Privateer|privateer}} was banned, besides the [[piracy]], it has generated revolt by former privateers who began practicing criminal acts. At that same time the [[Republic of Pirates]] came to [[Nassau]], which did not last long.<ref name="AC4">''[[Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag]]''</ref>
-Pirates as [[Edward Thatch]], also known as Blackbeard, [[Benjamin Hornigold]], [[Charles Vane]], [[Jack Rackham]] or Calico Jack, [[Anne Bonny]] and [[Mary Read]] had their notorities at this time, they were all associated with [[Edward Kenway]], who later became an [[Assassins|Assassin]].
+Pirates as [[Edward Thatch]], also known as Blackbeard, [[Benjamin Hornigold]], [[Charles Vane]], [[Jack Rackham]] or Calico Jack, [[Anne Bonny]] and [[Mary Read]] had their notorities at this time, they were all associated with [[Edward Kenway]], who later became an [[Assassins|Assassin]].<ref name="AC4"/>
 ===Thirteen Colonies===
 {{Main|American Revolution}}
 [[File:ACIII-Publicexecution 14.png|thumb|250px|The Founding Fathers signed the [[Declaration of Independence]] alongside the Assasssin [[Ratonhnhaké:ton]].]]
-In the second half of the century, after the [[Seven Years' War]], many taxes were charged abusively to the people of the northern colonies. A faction known as the [[Sons of Liberty]] began to prostrate against these measures, so a wave of prostration began, one of them including the [[Boston Tea Party]].
+In the second half of the century, after the [[Seven Years' War]], many taxes were charged abusively to the people of the northern colonies. A faction known as the [[Sons of Liberty]] began to prostrate against these measures, so a wave of prostration began, one of them including the [[Boston Tea Party]]. Philosopher as [[Benjamin Franklin]] though that the colonies must have more autonomy from the Great Britain with their own government.<ref name="AC3">''[[Assassin's Creed III]]''</ref>
-The [[British Empire]] ignored the claims, soon as the [[American Revolutionary War]] began, between the colony and its metropoli. On July 6, 1776, the colony finally realized its independence, and so the new nation, the [[United States|United States of America]], was born. The war for independence continued until 1783, with the result of the [[Siege of Yorktown]].
+The [[British Empire]] ignored the claims, soon as the [[American Revolutionary War]] began, between the colonies and its metropolis. On July 6, 1776, the colonies finally realized its independance, and so the new nation, the [[United States|United States of America]], was born. The war for independance continued until 1783, with the result of the [[Siege of Yorktown]].<ref name="AC3"/>
-The main thinkers of the time, were mostly [[Founding Fathers]].
+The main thinkers of the time, were mostly the [[Founding Fathers]] as Franklin, [[Thomas Jefferson]] or [[Thomas Paine]]. They developped the ideals of liberty, republicanism and self-governance.<ref name="AC3"/>
 ===France===
 {{Main|French Revolution}}
+As the absolute power of the monarch developed under the kings [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]] and [[Louis XV of France]], intellectuals and philosophers though about the separation of powers. [[Voltaire]], [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] and Denis Diderot were the main philosophers of the country, fighting the arbitrary power, developing the idea of equality and publishing the ''Encyclopédie'' to spread knowledge.<ref name="ACU">''[[Assassin's Creed: Unity]]''</ref>
 [[File:Imprisoned 13.png|thumb|250px|left|The Assassin [[Arno Dorian]] faces the guards in the [[Bastille]] to escape.]]
-Six years later, at the end of the 18th century, [[France]] came into crisis due to its actions in past wars. To fix the economy, [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]] programmed the [[Estates-General of 1789]], at its meeting, there were three divisions:
+During the years 1780's, [[France]] came into crisis due to its actions during the American Revolution. The population was starving and the Third State was the only one to pay to refund the debt. To fix the economy, [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]] programmed the [[Estates-General of 1789]]. The Templar [[François-Thomas Germain]] organized the Revolution while he made a coup in the [[Parisian Rite of the Templar Order]], killing the Grand Master [[François de la Serre]].<ref name="ACU"/>
+During the meeting, the Third State was ignored, and the measures passed to prevail the First and Second States. After the meeting, the Third State was organized as a [[National Assembly]], and soon revolts were promoted to the [[Paris]] and [[Versailles]] corridors. On July 14, 1789, there was the [[Storming of the Bastille]], and that was the beginning of a bloody confrontation.<ref name="ACU"/>
-- The First State: that was the nobility.
-- The Second State: that was the clergy.
-- The Third State: that was the greater part of the people.
-During the meeting, the third state was ignored, and the measures passed to prevail the first and second state. The third state then began to organize itself, and founded the [[National Assembly]]. A wave of revolt soon began, on July 14, 1789, there was the [[Storming of the Bastille]], and thus the beginning of a bloody war.
 [[File:ACU The Execution 4.png|thumb|250px|Louis XVI in the guillotine.]]
-After the king was murdered on January 21, 1793, two large factions gained notoriety and power in the country, the [[Girondists]], the right-leaning party, who defended the interests of the bourgeoisie, and the [[Jacobins]], left-leaning party, led by [[Maximilien de Robespierre]], were extreme extremists and persecuted anyone who was considered "an enemy of the revolution". The Robespierre's party promoted the [[Reign of Terror]], where much of the french population was executed, but this lasted until the [[Thermidorian Reaction]], the moment since Robespierre was executed.
+After the king was executed on January 21, 1793, two large factions gained notoriety and power across the country, the [[Girondists]], a right-leaning party, who defended the interests of the bourgeoisie, and the [[Jacobins]], a left-leaning party, led by [[Maximilien de Robespierre]], were extreme extremists and persecuted anyone who was considered "an enemy of the revolution". The Robespierre's party promoted the [[Reign of Terror]], where much of the french population was executed, but this lasted until the [[Thermidorian Reaction]], the moment since Robespierre was captured, and ironically killed in the [[Guillotine|guillotine]].<ref name="ACU"/>
 [[File:ACU The Book Thief 3.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Napoleon searches for the [[Apple of Eden 1|Apple Eden]] in [[Saint-Denis]].]]
-After Robespierre's death, the [[French Revolutionary Wars]] continued to last against neighboring countries, in the meantime, a military named [[Napoleon Bonaparte]], brought victories to the [[French Army]] in foes battles. Napoleon succeeded in embracing the people, in 1799, with the coup of the 18 Brumaire, he finally reached the french throne, later became emperor, and the [[French Empire]] was founded.
+After Robespierre's death, the [[French Revolutionary Wars]] continued to last against neighboring countries, in the meantime, a military named [[Napoleon Bonaparte]], brought victories to the [[French Army]] in foes battles. Napoleon succeeded in embracing the people, in 1799, with the coup of the 18 Brumaire, he finally reached the french throne, later became emperor, and the [[French Empire]] was founded.<ref name="ACU"/>
 ===Rest of the World===
+[[File:WhatPriceFreedom.jpg|thumb|250px|The Assassin [[Eseosa]] travels to [[Davenport Homestead]], seeking support from the [[American Brotherhood of Assassins|Colonial Brotherhood]].]]
-After the events of the [[American Revolution]] and the [[French Revolution]], southern colonies and other european countries also began to rebelling and adopt new customs:
+In [[Haiti]], the local population, with the majority of [[Africa]]n descent, rebelled against french crown, and the [[Haitian Revolution]] began, the leader was [[Toussaint Louverture]], who defeated France and came to power in the country.
-[[File:WhatPriceFreedom.jpg|thumb|250px|The Assassin [[Eseosa]] travels to [[Davenport Homestead]], seeking support from the [[Colonial Brotherhood of Assassins|Colonial Brotherhood]].]]
-- In [[Haiti]], the local population, with the majority of [[Africa|african]] descent, rebelled against the french crown, and began the [[Haitian Revolution]], the leader was [[Toussaint Louverture]], who defeated France and came to power in the country.
-- In the [[Spain|hispanic]] colonies, also began processes of emancipation against the [[Spanish Empire]].
-- The [[Portugal|portuguese]] colonie known as [[Brazil]], had its independence on September 7, 1822.
-- And other revolutions began in [[Europe]] in 1848.
-==Reference==
+==References==
+{{Reflist}}
-*''[[Assassin's Creed III]]''
-*''[[Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag]]''
-*''[[Assassin's Creed: Unity]]''
 [[Category:Timeline]]
+[[Category:Assassin conspiracies]]
+[[Category:Templar conspiracies]]